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Tertium Comparationis, Vol. 9 (2003), No. 1

Editor: Sonja Steier-Jordan

Contents

James Muckle

Russian Concepts of Patriotism and their Reflection in the Education System Today

The article deals with the problems and concepts of patriotism in Russia, its origins, philosophy and its importance in the contemporary situation in Russia, when the new Post-Communist state redefines and creates new ideology. The reasons to foster patriotism in modern Russia are analysed with great precision and the theoretical basis of Russian patriotism (before 1917) as well as Soviet and modern Post-Soviet patriotism concepts are explored in detail (historical parallels with some European developments are of considerable interest here). The second part of the article is devoted to the contemporary patriotism theories and "practices", especially to those in the field of education. A profound outlook is provided not only on the ideology, or rather, ideologies gradually replacing "Soviet patriotism", but also on the mechanisms of their practical realisation.

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Gerlind Schmidt

Die internationalen Schulleistungsvergleiche TIMSS und PISA in Russland im Kontext der Bildungsreform

The Russian Federation has been participating in the international student achievement studies since 1988-91 (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, IEA). Up to now very few printed articles and Internet-sources about the TIMSS and PISA results have been published. The article describes the actual background of "modernization of education" and the possible benefits for the Russian school reform that can be drawn from taking part in TIMSS and PISA. The main tendencies as well as first reactions, interpretations and critical remarks are presented. At the end of the article, an outlook is provided on how results of PISA shaped the discussion about the education standard for the Russian school. Furthermore, the impact of PISA on the international educational transfer is questioned.

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Larissa Korneeva

Hochschulbildung und Weiterbildung von Fach- und Führungskräften in Russland

This articles deals with the development and problems of high school and professional education of qualified and management personnel in Russia. It regards all the aspects of reforms in Russian education system, which is currently undergoing global changes on many levels. The author describes the crises in Russian education and its causes and carries out a statistical comparison with similar developments in Western and Asian countries. She also concentrates on problems of scientific research not only in several big scientific centres but also in provincial universities; she analyses the present situation with funding of scientific research and the problems of scientific and financial support for the new young generation of academics. The current situation in Russian educational systems with all its achievements and drawbacks is vividly illustrated on the example of Jekaterinburg. The second part of the article is devoted to further education in Russia, especially to that of management personnel. The focus here is set on its structure and organization, the opportunities and efficiency of the provided training and – what is probably of great interest for a German reader – on the contacts with German firms and companies resulting from the presidential program of support and development of economic contacts with European countries.

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Wolfgang Schlott

Sind russische geistes- und sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungsinstitute nicht reformierbar?
Anmerkungen zu einigen Situationsanalysen

Referring to two evaluations criticising the economic situation and the organizational structure of Russian research institutions in the fields of art studies and social sciences in the 1990s, I compare the results of the Russian inside-assessments by Jampolskij and Zhivov with some studies carried out by German scholars who came to the conclusion that only a fundamental reform of scientific research-structures on the basis of a prospective financial promotion by the Russian state can help avoiding the forthcoming breakdown. The evaluated Russian solutions and suggestions to overcome the reiterated faults and defects at the beginning of the 21st century are supposed to give no decisive impulses for a distinctive improvement of the situation.

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Christine Teichmann

Internationale Mobilität oder brain drain?
Die Migration russischer Wissenschaftler und Hochschulangehöriger in den 90er Jahren

In the last decade of the 20th century the migration of scientists from East European transformation states resembled more and more a brain drain. In the countries like the Russian Federation a permanent and one-sided brain drain of highly skilled professionals from economic and research institutions and universities is taking place. However, the form of the scientific migration from Russia has changed: temporary outflows have significantly exceeded permanent emigration, and the scale of temporary engagements of Russian scholars in other countries has increased.

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Jürgen Henze

Ergebnisse der Transformationsforschung zum Wandel von Bildungssystemen in Übergangsgesellschaften

The article provides an overview on recent research findings in political science as well as international comparative education. The central point of interest is the explanatory power of transformation research for explaining educational change under the constraints of time and chaos in transitional societies. Findings will be related to classical organizational studies on innovation and change in education and the author will question the particular value of transformation research for explaining educational change. Instead, classical research paradigms in organizational research still have a variety of approaches to offer which do not have less explanatory power.

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Götz Hillig

Von Palästina auf die Krim.
Rückblick auf ein vergessenes Kapitel aus der Geschichte der Kibbutzbewegung

Before the Israeli kibbutzim – egalitarian and socialist communities within a capitalistic society – developed in the 1930s into large communes with several hundred inhabitants, there was a precursor organisation in Palestine called the Labour Legion (Gdud ha-avoda) and dedicated to the same ideals but which initially chose not to establish a permanent settlement. Its members worked on various construction sites across the country and led their lives in accordance with socialist principles. The members of the Legion’s communist wing expelled in 1927 for ideological reasons decided to resettle in the Soviet Union, where they were allocated land in the Crimea. These former members of the Legion were able to establish a flourishing agricultural commune there. The paper presented here describes and analyses the history and the failure of this settlement experiment. It is based on the source materials that have been hitherto unknown.

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